Masrul Efendi Umar Harahap, Esli Zuraidah Siregar, and Khoirul Anwar, “An Analysis of the Role of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in Promoting Community Economic Empowerment in Padangsidimpuan City: A Da’wah Perspective”, dawuh, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 396-405, Jul. 2026.