From Information to Social Change: Communication, Community Networks, and Tourism Development in Berau Regency, Indonesia
Keywords:
development communication, communication for social change, community networks, communication power, participation, tourism development, Berau
Abstract
Tourism development depends not only on economic resources and institutional arrangements but also on how information circulates among governments, tourism organizations, businesses, workers, and local communities. Yet communication is often treated as a neutral process of transmitting development information, overlooking the network relations through which access, voice, and participation are differentially structured. This study examines how community communication networks shape access to information, participation, and emerging agency in tourism development in Berau, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Using a qualitative and interpretive approach, the study re-analyzes empirical material from interviews, observation, documentary sources, and online information through a communication-centered analytical framework. The analysis draws primarily on Castells’ concept of communication power and network society, complemented by Habermas’ theory of communicative action and perspectives from Development Communication and Communication for Social Change. The findings indicate that tourism-related information is frequently mediated through organizational and interpersonal networks, including tourism associations and local institutional relationships. Network connectivity facilitates information circulation, access to programs, and opportunities for participation, but these networks also create boundaries that may limit access for less-connected actors. The study therefore conceptualizes community networks as both infrastructures of inclusion and mechanisms of communicative exclusion. It argues that communication contributes to social change not automatically through information transmission, but through a contingent pathway from access to information toward voice, participation, and community agency.
References
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Vongvisitsin, T. B., Huang, W.-J., & King, B. (2024). Urban community-based tourism development: A networked social capital model. Annals of Tourism Research, 106, 103759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2024.103759
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Wondirad, A., Tolkach, D., & King, B. (2020). Stakeholder collaboration as a major factor for sustainable ecotourism development in developing countries. Tourism Management, 78, 104024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104024
Zhang, S. (2026). The willingness–capability model: Reframing local participation in a tourism economy. Annals of Tourism Research, 116, 104096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2025.104096
Apak, Ö. C., Taş, M., & Güneş, E. (2025). Examining the serial mediating role of emotional solidarity and perceived concern in the effect of residents’ community commitment on support for tourism development. Tourism Management Perspectives, 58, 101388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2025.101388
Blanco-Moreno, S., González-Fernández, A. M., Muñoz-Gallego, P. A., & Casaló, L. V. (2024). Understanding engagement with Instagram posts about tourism destinations. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 34, 100948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100948
Bono i Gispert, O., Anton Clavé, S., & Casadesús Fa, M. (2023). The Internalization of Participation and Coherence Dimensions of Governance in Tourism Destination Management Organizations—An Exploratory Approach. Sustainability, 15(3), 2449. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032449
Burt, R. S. . (1995). Structural holes : the social structure of competition. Harvard University Press.
Castells, Manuel. (2010). The rise of the network society. Wiley-Blackwell.
Castells, Manuel. (2013). Communication power. Oxford University Press.
Castells, Manuel. (2015). Networks of outrage and hope : social movements in the Internet age. Polity Press.
Cehan, A., Eva, M., & Iațu, C. (2021). A multilayer network approach to tourism collaboration. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 46, 316–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.01.006
Couldry, N. (2010). Why Voice Matters: Culture and Politics after Neoliberalism. SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446269114
Dolezal, C., & Novelli, M. (2022a). Power in community-based tourism: empowerment and partnership in Bali. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(10), 2352–2370. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1838527
Dolezal, C., & Novelli, M. (2022b). Power in community-based tourism: empowerment and partnership in Bali. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(10), 2352–2370. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1838527
Freire, Paulo., Ramos, M. Bergman., Shor, Ira., & Macedo, D. P. . (2018). Pedagogy of the oppressed: 50th anniversity edition. Bloomsbury Academic.
Habermas, J. (1984). The theory of communicative action. Beacon Press.
Habermas, J. (1987). The theory of communicative action. Vol. 2, Lifeworld and system : a critique of functionalist reason. Polity.
Habermas, Jurgen., Burger, Thomas., & Lawrence, Frederick. (1994). The structural transformation of the public sphere : an inquiry into a category of bourgeois society. MIT Press.
Hamidi, K., & Mielke Möglich, A. (2021). Kommunikation für Sozialen Wandel. Publizistik, 66(3–4), 565–588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11616-021-00679-8
Hidayah, A. (2021). Praktik Pendisiplinan Tubuh dan Resistensi Masyarakat Pelaku Usaha Wisata Bahari Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Pulau Derawan, Kabupaten Berau Kalimantan Timur. SOCIUS: Journal of Sociology Research Adn Education, 8(2), 136–147. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24036/scs.v8i2.341
Hidayah, A., Saputra, H., & Kurniawati, K. D. (2025). Covid-19 and Tourism: A Descriptive Study of The Strategies of Youth Marine Tourism Business Actors on Derawan Island During The Covid-19 Pandemic. SOSIOEDUKASI: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Sosoal, 14(4), 2154–2160. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36526/sosioedukasi.v14i3.5613
Hidayah, A., & Singh, B. (2021). The Youth Rationality of Working in the Tourism in Derawan Island, Berau Regency, East Borneo, Indonesia. Harmoni Sosial: Jurnal Pendidikan IPS, 8(1), 26–33. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21831/hsjpi.v8i1.39736
Izurieta, G., Torres, A., Patiño, J., Vasco, C., Vasseur, L., Reyes, H., & Torres, B. (2021). Exploring community and key stakeholders’ perception of scientific tourism as a strategy to achieve SDGs in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Tourism Management Perspectives, 39, 100830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100830
Jamal, T., & Higham, J. (2021). Justice and ethics: towards a new platform for tourism and sustainability. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(2–3), 143–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1835933
Johnson, A.-G., & Buhalis, D. (2025). Legitimacy in co-creating tourism value through customer-to-customer (C2C) online travel communities. Tourism Recreation Research, 50(1), 74–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2023.2196488
Johnson, A.-G., Rickly, J. M., & McCabe, S. (2023). Suppliers’ perceptions on engaging in smart destinations: Evidence from Ljubljana. Tourism Management Perspectives, 47, 101125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2023.101125
Kim, M. D., & Lee, K. S. (2023). Mapping participation in ICT4D: A meta-analytic review of development communication research. International Communication Gazette, 85(2), 141–163. https://doi.org/10.1177/17480485221111308
Long, N. (2003). Development Sociology. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203398531
Loverio, J. P., Chen, L.-H., & Shen, C.-C. (2023). Stakeholder collaboration, a solution to overtourism? A case study on Sagada, the Philippines. Tourism Geographies, 25(4), 947–968. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2021.2023209
Mandić, A., & Kennell, J. (2021). Smart governance for heritage tourism destinations: Contextual factors and destination management organization perspectives. Tourism Management Perspectives, 39, 100862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100862
Manoli, A. E. (2026). Platform-mediated local power in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 118, 104151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2026.104151
Mefalopulos, Paolo. (2008). Development communication sourcebook : broadening the boundaries of communication. World Bank.
Melkote, S. R., & Steeves, H. L. (2015). Theory and Practice for Communication for Development: Theory and Practice for Empowerment and Social Justice (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications. https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/bgsu_books/5
Moayerian, N., McGehee, N. G., & Stephenson, M. O. (2022). Community cultural development: Exploring the connections between collective art making, capacity building and sustainable community-based tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 93, 103355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2022.103355
Molale, T., & Fourie, L. (2023). A six-step framework for participatory communication and institutionalised participation in South Africa’s municipal IDP processes. Development in Practice, 33(6), 675–686. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2022.2104810
Na thongkaew, B., Ruksapol, A., & Brewer, P. (2025). The Role of Local Networks in Supportive Mechanisms Model for Sustainable Community-based Tourism Administration. Tourism Planning & Development, 22(2), 159–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2024.2320207
Nigg, J. J., & Peters, M. (2022). The evolution of ICTs in accessible tourism: A stakeholder collaboration analysis. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 52, 287–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.07.007
Partanen, M., Kettunen, M., & Saarinen, J. (2025). Community inclusion in tourism development: young people’s social innovation propositions for advancing sustainable tourism. Tourism Recreation Research, 50(1), 58–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2023.2226040
Pasanchay, K., & Schott, C. (2021). Community-based tourism homestays’ capacity to advance the Sustainable Development Goals: A holistic sustainable livelihood perspective. Tourism Management Perspectives, 37, 100784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100784
Patton, M. Quinn. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods : integrating theory and practice. SAGE Publications, Inc.
Perkins, R., Khoo-Lattimore, C., & Arcodia, C. (2020). Understanding the contribution of stakeholder collaboration towards regional destination branding: A systematic narrative literature review. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 43, 250–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.04.008
Restrepo, N., Lozano, S., & Anton Clavé, S. (2021). Measuring institutional thickness in tourism: An empirical application based on social network analysis. Tourism Management Perspectives, 37, 100770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100770
Rocca, L. H. D., & Zielinski, S. (2022). Community-based tourism, social capital, and governance of post-conflict rural tourism destinations: the case of Minca, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Tourism Management Perspectives, 43, 100985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2022.100985
Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of Innovations (3th ed.). Free Press. https://teddykw2.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/everett-m-rogers-diffusion-of-innovations.pdf
Roxas, F. M. Y., Rivera, J. P. R., & Gutierrez, E. L. M. (2020). Mapping stakeholders’ roles in governing sustainable tourism destinations. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45, 387–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.09.005
Servaes, J. (2008). Communication for Development and Social Change. SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9788132108474
Servaes, J. (2020). Handbook of Communication for Development and Social Change (J. Servaes, Ed.). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2014-3
Sun, G., Qian, Q., Liu, Y., Pu, B., & Wang, D. (2022). Social network and tourism consumption by households: Evidence from China. PLOS ONE, 17(9), e0275418. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275418
Tufte, Thomas. (2017). Communication and social change : a citizen perspective. Polity.
Vongvisitsin, T. B., Huang, W.-J., & King, B. (2024). Urban community-based tourism development: A networked social capital model. Annals of Tourism Research, 106, 103759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2024.103759
Wasserman, Stanley., & Faust, Katherine. (1994). Social network analysis : methods and applications. C.U.P.
Wilkins, K. Gwinn., Tufte, Thomas., & Obregon, Rafael. (2014). The handbook of development communication and social change. Wiley Blackwell.
Wondirad, A., & Ewnetu, B. (2019). Community participation in tourism development as a tool to foster sustainable land and resource use practices in a national park milieu. Land Use Policy, 88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104155
Wondirad, A., Tolkach, D., & King, B. (2020). Stakeholder collaboration as a major factor for sustainable ecotourism development in developing countries. Tourism Management, 78, 104024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104024
Zhang, S. (2026). The willingness–capability model: Reframing local participation in a tourism economy. Annals of Tourism Research, 116, 104096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2025.104096
Published
2026-10-04
How to Cite
Hidayah, A., Saputra, H., Elvawati, Yuhelna, Rahmadani, S., & Ibrizah, Z. (2026). From Information to Social Change: Communication, Community Networks, and Tourism Development in Berau Regency, Indonesia. DAWUH : Islamic Communication Journal, 7(3), 85-107. https://doi.org/10.62159/dawuh.v7i3.3083
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Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Hidayah, Hanafi Saputra, Elvawati, Yuhelna, Sri Rahmadani, Ziya Ibrizah
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