Impact of Multidimensional Social Ties on Economic Well-Being Among MSMEs: The Moderating Role of Social Environment in the Digital Era
Keywords:
Multidimensional Social Ties, Economic Well-being, MSMEs, Social Environment, PLS-SEM
Abstract
Background: Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in economic development, particularly in emerging economies such as Indonesia. However, many MSMEs struggle to achieve sustainable economic well-being amid rapid digital transformation. This study examines the impact of multidimensional social ties bonding, bridging, and linking on MSMEs’ economic well-being and investigates the moderating role of social environment in the digital era. A quantitative approach was employed using a cross-sectional survey of 312 MSME owners.
Method: Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate both measurement and structural models, including moderation effects. Economic well-being was conceptualized as a multidimensional construct comprising income stability, financial security, and subjective well-being, while social environment was operationalized through digitalization, locality, and community support.
Results: The findings demonstrate that all dimensions of social ties significantly influence economic well-being, with bridging social ties exhibiting the strongest effect. Furthermore, the social environment significantly moderates these relationships, strengthening the impact of social ties under favorable digital and community conditions.
Conclusion: This study contributes to the literature by advancing social capital theory through a multidimensional and context-dependent perspective. Practically, the findings provide strategic insights for policymakers and MSME stakeholders to enhance resilience by strengthening social networks and improving digital and institutional ecosystems.
References
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Cheng, C. T., Wang, H. K., Ling, G. H. T., Wong, P. F., Yong, F. Y. Y., & Wong, C. F. (2024). A systematic review of social capital in low-cost housing: A conceptual framework and lessons learned. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 10, 101089. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.101089
Djatmiko, G. H., Sinaga, O., & Pawirosumarto, S. (2025). Digital Transformation and Social Inclusion in Public Services: A Qualitative Analysis of E-Government Adoption for Marginalized Communities in Sustainable Governance. Sustainability, 17(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/su17072908
Hanoum, S., Palalic, R., Durman, T. Y., & Shubbak, M. (2025). Enhancing SME performance through e-business: the interplay of ambidexterity and entrepreneurial orientation in technology parks. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 14(1), 72. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-025-00556-y
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Hu, X., Zimmermann, A., & Marlow, S. (2025). Multilevel causal mechanisms in social entrepreneurship: the enabling role of social capital. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 37(3–4), 460–482. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2024.2422368
Jääskeläinen, A., Korhonen, T., & Amiri, S. (2023). Social capital as a facilitator of successful buyer-supplier performance management. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 29(2), 100804. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2022.100804
Kim, J., & Jin, W. (2024). Impact of digital capabilities on entrepreneurial performance in SMEs. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 9(4), 100609. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100609
Klerkx, L., Jakku, E., & Labarthe, P. (2019). A review of social science on digital agriculture, smart farming and agriculture 4.0: New contributions and a future research agenda. NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 90–91, 100315. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2019.100315
Kopren, A., & Westlund, H. (2021). Bridging versus Bonding Social Capital in Entrepreneurs’ Networks: The Case of Post-Conflict Western Balkans. Sustainability, 13(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063371
Kumar, S. V., Salem, M., Wagner, R., & Özçağlar-Toulouse, N. (2025). Online, offline, and beyond: social influences on household waste and sustainable consumption. Sustainable Futures, 10, 101193. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.101193
Lu, F., & Yoon, S. J. (2025). Digital Inclusive Finance and Social Sustainability: Examining Entrepreneurial Pathways and Performance Among China’s Migrant Population for Inclusive Growth. Sustainability, 17(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/su17208991
Lu, X., Balakrishnan, K., Chan, T. J., & Na, M. (2025). The Role of Real-Time Engagement in Shaping Social Media Check-In Behavior: Moderating Effects of Trust and Peer Influence. Brain and Behavior, 15(9), e70887. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70887
Luawo, S. R. (2026). Bonding and Bridging Social Capital: The Performance of MSME Groups. Journal La Bisecoman, 7(2), 262–272. https://doi.org/10.37899/journallabisecoman.v7i2.3134
Morris, J., Morris, W., & Bowen, R. (2022). Implications of the digital divide on rural SME resilience. Journal of Rural Studies, 89, 369–377. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.01.005
Munteanu, I., Ionescu-Feleagă, L., Ionescu, B. Ștefan, Spânu, A.-M., & Rus, M. I. (2025). The Philosophy of Financial Performance: A Bibliometric and Conceptual Review. International Journal of Financial Studies, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs13030172
Nurachmad, E., Mulyana, M., Sukamto, A., & Mulia, I. (2025). Adoption of Digital-Based Management Information Systems and Its Impact on MSME Performance in Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.37641/jimkes.v12i1.4004
Priyo Utomo, & Sri Wartini. (2023). The Role Of Social Capital On Msme Performance Through Innovative Work Behavior. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DIGITAL ADVANCE TOURISM, MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 1(1), 668–679. https://doi.org/10.56910/ictmt.v1i1.148
Rashidfarokhi, A., Pelsmakers, S., Maununaho, K., de la Rosa, R. C., Järventausta, H., Toivonen, S., Tarpio, J., & Tähtinen, L. (2026). Enhancing social resilience: the role of social infrastructure in crisis management within the built environment. Climate Risk Management, 51, 100796. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2026.100796
Rijal, S., Utomo, B., Ramdhani, R., Negeri Makassar, U., Sebelas Maret, U., Fatmawati, U., & Bengkulu, S. (2024). The Influence of Social Capital on Entrepreneurial Success: A Study of Networks and Relationships in MSMEs (Vol. 5, Number 2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v5i2.678
Saleh, E. F., Al-Nofli, H. K., Abdalla, S. Z., Hassan, S. M., Mustafa, M. M., Abdelghani, H. I., Hamed, G. G., & Gaafar, A. M. (2026). The Role of Social Capital in Shaping Students’ Attitudes Toward the Renewable Energy Transition: An Explanatory Study of Sultan Qaboos University Students. Sustainability, 18(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052531
Santoso, C. B., Laksniyunita, W., Sitompul, G. A., Hamdany, M. A., & Lestari, E. B. (2025). Digital Transformation Strategy for MSMEs to Increase Competitiveness: An Indonesian Case Study. Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17209651
Saptono, P. B., Khozen, I., Mahmud, G., Hodžić, S., Pratiwi, I., Purwanto, D., & Imantoro, L. W. (2024). Flourishing MSMEs: The Role of Innovation, Creative Compliance, and Tax Incentives. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17120532
Setini, M., Yasa, P. N. S., & Sitiari, N. W. (2025). MSME digitalization: How are social capital factors in encouraging the use of digital applications? International Journal of Data and Network Science, 9(1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2024.10.007
Shatila, K., Aránega, A. Y., Soga, L. R., & Hernández-Lara, A. B. (2025). Digital literacy, digital accessibility, human capital, and entrepreneurial resilience: a case for dynamic business ecosystems. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 10(3), 100709. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2025.100709
Shohibboniawan Wahyudi, A., Yulivan, I., Rahman, A., & Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Desa Kabupaten Kutai Timur, D. (2024). The Role of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Supporting Indonesia’s Economic Resilience. Nasionalism Dan Integrity, 10(2), 297–307. https://doi.org/10.33172/jp
Stein, L., Evers, N., & O’Gorman, C. (2026). Fostering conditions for digital entrepreneurship: The role of institutional entrepreneurs in driving FinTech ecosystem development. Technovation, 150, 103386. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2025.103386
Stephens, Ayanna, Mack, Abede Jawara, & Bahaw, Priscilla. (2025). Unpacking the Complexities of Financial Well-being Among Entrepreneurs and Employees: It’s More Than the Money! The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 34(3), 627–667. https://doi.org/10.1177/09713557251358938
Stoyanov, S., & Stoyanova, V. (2025). Mitigating liabilities of foreignness in migrant entrepreneurship: The role of AI in building virtual embeddedness. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 220, 124323. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2025.124323
Thelma Chibueze. (2022). Promoting sustainable growth of MSMEs through inclusive financial technologies, strategic collaborations, and capacity-building within evolving banking landscapes. GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 13(3), 231–251. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.13.3.0381
Tran, D. Van, Nguyen, P. Van, Nguyen, S. T. N., Huynh, T. N., & Ma, K. Van. (2024). Determining the antecedents of digital transformation and performance: the roles of social capital, open social innovation, absorptive capacity and government support. European Journal of Innovation Management, 28(8), 4202–4224. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-08-2024-0917
Tsurumi, T., & Managi, S. (2025). Income and Subjective Well-Being: The Importance of Index Choice for Sustainable Economic Development. Sustainability, 17(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125266
Zhang, J. A., O’Kane, C., & Griffin, D. (2025). What drives micro-entrepreneurs’ value-oriented innovative behavior in microfinance: an entrepreneurial resourcefulness perspective. Small Business Economics, 65(3), 2033–2062. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-025-01081-8
Zhang, S., Anderson, S. G., & Zhan, M. (2011). The differentiated impact of bridging and bonding social capital on economic well-being: An individual level perspective. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 38(1), 119–142. https://doi.org/10.15453/0191-5096.3587
Amalia, R., Aini, R. Q., Paradita, J., & Mirza BR, A. D. (2025). Bridging The Digital Divide : The Role of Technology in Enhancing Rural SMES in Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 16(1), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.17509/jimb.v16i1.82681
Ambayoen, M. A., Hidayat, K., Yuliati, Y., & Cahyono, E. D. (2025). The Roots of Resilience: Strengthening Agricultural Sustainability in Tengger, Indonesia Through Social Capital. Sustainability, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su17010192
Aprilia, N., Subroto, W. T., & Sakti, N. C. (2024). The Role of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Supporting the People’s Economy in Indonesia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI). https://doi.org/10.51244/IJRSI
Avordeh, T. K., Salifu, A., Quaidoo, C., & Opare-Boateng, R. (2024). Impact of power outages: Unveiling their influence on micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises and poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa - An in-depth literature review. Heliyon, 10(13), e33782. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33782
Baber, H., Sarango-Lalangui, P., Merkbawi, R., Fatorachian, H., & Maalouf, J. (2026). Green impact: Unveiling the influence of social and environmental values on sustainable entrepreneurship within regulatory boundaries. Sustainable Technology and Entrepreneurship, 5(1), 100121. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stae.2025.100121
Bartoloni, S., Ancillai, C., Pascucci, F., & Gregori, G. L. (2025). Building bridges in B2B sales: The role of one-to-one digital channels in developing social capital. Industrial Marketing Management, 131, 211–226. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2025.11.002
Bindeeba, D. S., Bakashaba, R., & Tukamushaba, E. K. (2026). Harnessing digital–relational synergies for sustainable SME performance: exploring the interplay between digital marketing and network capital in resource-constrained settings. Journal of Sustainable Business, 11(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40991-026-00137-6
Cheng, C. T., Wang, H. K., Ling, G. H. T., Wong, P. F., Yong, F. Y. Y., & Wong, C. F. (2024). A systematic review of social capital in low-cost housing: A conceptual framework and lessons learned. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 10, 101089. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.101089
Djatmiko, G. H., Sinaga, O., & Pawirosumarto, S. (2025). Digital Transformation and Social Inclusion in Public Services: A Qualitative Analysis of E-Government Adoption for Marginalized Communities in Sustainable Governance. Sustainability, 17(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/su17072908
Hanoum, S., Palalic, R., Durman, T. Y., & Shubbak, M. (2025). Enhancing SME performance through e-business: the interplay of ambidexterity and entrepreneurial orientation in technology parks. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 14(1), 72. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-025-00556-y
Hardi, R., Meisarah, H., Anazra, D., & Hayati, F. (2026). The Impact of Digitalization and E-Commerce on the Development of MSMEs in Indonesia. In The International Journal of Education, Social Studies, and Management (Vol. 6, Number 1).
Hernández-Carrión, C., Camarero-Izquierdo, C., & Gutiérrez-Cillán, J. (2019). The internal mechanisms of entrepreneur´s social capital: A multi-network analysis. BRQ Business Research Quarterly. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2018.12.001
Hu, X., Zimmermann, A., & Marlow, S. (2025). Multilevel causal mechanisms in social entrepreneurship: the enabling role of social capital. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 37(3–4), 460–482. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2024.2422368
Jääskeläinen, A., Korhonen, T., & Amiri, S. (2023). Social capital as a facilitator of successful buyer-supplier performance management. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 29(2), 100804. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2022.100804
Kim, J., & Jin, W. (2024). Impact of digital capabilities on entrepreneurial performance in SMEs. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 9(4), 100609. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100609
Klerkx, L., Jakku, E., & Labarthe, P. (2019). A review of social science on digital agriculture, smart farming and agriculture 4.0: New contributions and a future research agenda. NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 90–91, 100315. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2019.100315
Kopren, A., & Westlund, H. (2021). Bridging versus Bonding Social Capital in Entrepreneurs’ Networks: The Case of Post-Conflict Western Balkans. Sustainability, 13(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063371
Kumar, S. V., Salem, M., Wagner, R., & Özçağlar-Toulouse, N. (2025). Online, offline, and beyond: social influences on household waste and sustainable consumption. Sustainable Futures, 10, 101193. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.101193
Lu, F., & Yoon, S. J. (2025). Digital Inclusive Finance and Social Sustainability: Examining Entrepreneurial Pathways and Performance Among China’s Migrant Population for Inclusive Growth. Sustainability, 17(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/su17208991
Lu, X., Balakrishnan, K., Chan, T. J., & Na, M. (2025). The Role of Real-Time Engagement in Shaping Social Media Check-In Behavior: Moderating Effects of Trust and Peer Influence. Brain and Behavior, 15(9), e70887. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70887
Luawo, S. R. (2026). Bonding and Bridging Social Capital: The Performance of MSME Groups. Journal La Bisecoman, 7(2), 262–272. https://doi.org/10.37899/journallabisecoman.v7i2.3134
Morris, J., Morris, W., & Bowen, R. (2022). Implications of the digital divide on rural SME resilience. Journal of Rural Studies, 89, 369–377. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.01.005
Munteanu, I., Ionescu-Feleagă, L., Ionescu, B. Ștefan, Spânu, A.-M., & Rus, M. I. (2025). The Philosophy of Financial Performance: A Bibliometric and Conceptual Review. International Journal of Financial Studies, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs13030172
Nurachmad, E., Mulyana, M., Sukamto, A., & Mulia, I. (2025). Adoption of Digital-Based Management Information Systems and Its Impact on MSME Performance in Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.37641/jimkes.v12i1.4004
Priyo Utomo, & Sri Wartini. (2023). The Role Of Social Capital On Msme Performance Through Innovative Work Behavior. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DIGITAL ADVANCE TOURISM, MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 1(1), 668–679. https://doi.org/10.56910/ictmt.v1i1.148
Rashidfarokhi, A., Pelsmakers, S., Maununaho, K., de la Rosa, R. C., Järventausta, H., Toivonen, S., Tarpio, J., & Tähtinen, L. (2026). Enhancing social resilience: the role of social infrastructure in crisis management within the built environment. Climate Risk Management, 51, 100796. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2026.100796
Rijal, S., Utomo, B., Ramdhani, R., Negeri Makassar, U., Sebelas Maret, U., Fatmawati, U., & Bengkulu, S. (2024). The Influence of Social Capital on Entrepreneurial Success: A Study of Networks and Relationships in MSMEs (Vol. 5, Number 2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v5i2.678
Saleh, E. F., Al-Nofli, H. K., Abdalla, S. Z., Hassan, S. M., Mustafa, M. M., Abdelghani, H. I., Hamed, G. G., & Gaafar, A. M. (2026). The Role of Social Capital in Shaping Students’ Attitudes Toward the Renewable Energy Transition: An Explanatory Study of Sultan Qaboos University Students. Sustainability, 18(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052531
Santoso, C. B., Laksniyunita, W., Sitompul, G. A., Hamdany, M. A., & Lestari, E. B. (2025). Digital Transformation Strategy for MSMEs to Increase Competitiveness: An Indonesian Case Study. Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17209651
Saptono, P. B., Khozen, I., Mahmud, G., Hodžić, S., Pratiwi, I., Purwanto, D., & Imantoro, L. W. (2024). Flourishing MSMEs: The Role of Innovation, Creative Compliance, and Tax Incentives. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17120532
Setini, M., Yasa, P. N. S., & Sitiari, N. W. (2025). MSME digitalization: How are social capital factors in encouraging the use of digital applications? International Journal of Data and Network Science, 9(1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2024.10.007
Shatila, K., Aránega, A. Y., Soga, L. R., & Hernández-Lara, A. B. (2025). Digital literacy, digital accessibility, human capital, and entrepreneurial resilience: a case for dynamic business ecosystems. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 10(3), 100709. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2025.100709
Shohibboniawan Wahyudi, A., Yulivan, I., Rahman, A., & Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Desa Kabupaten Kutai Timur, D. (2024). The Role of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Supporting Indonesia’s Economic Resilience. Nasionalism Dan Integrity, 10(2), 297–307. https://doi.org/10.33172/jp
Stein, L., Evers, N., & O’Gorman, C. (2026). Fostering conditions for digital entrepreneurship: The role of institutional entrepreneurs in driving FinTech ecosystem development. Technovation, 150, 103386. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2025.103386
Stephens, Ayanna, Mack, Abede Jawara, & Bahaw, Priscilla. (2025). Unpacking the Complexities of Financial Well-being Among Entrepreneurs and Employees: It’s More Than the Money! The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 34(3), 627–667. https://doi.org/10.1177/09713557251358938
Stoyanov, S., & Stoyanova, V. (2025). Mitigating liabilities of foreignness in migrant entrepreneurship: The role of AI in building virtual embeddedness. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 220, 124323. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2025.124323
Thelma Chibueze. (2022). Promoting sustainable growth of MSMEs through inclusive financial technologies, strategic collaborations, and capacity-building within evolving banking landscapes. GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 13(3), 231–251. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.13.3.0381
Tran, D. Van, Nguyen, P. Van, Nguyen, S. T. N., Huynh, T. N., & Ma, K. Van. (2024). Determining the antecedents of digital transformation and performance: the roles of social capital, open social innovation, absorptive capacity and government support. European Journal of Innovation Management, 28(8), 4202–4224. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-08-2024-0917
Tsurumi, T., & Managi, S. (2025). Income and Subjective Well-Being: The Importance of Index Choice for Sustainable Economic Development. Sustainability, 17(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125266
Zhang, J. A., O’Kane, C., & Griffin, D. (2025). What drives micro-entrepreneurs’ value-oriented innovative behavior in microfinance: an entrepreneurial resourcefulness perspective. Small Business Economics, 65(3), 2033–2062. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-025-01081-8
Zhang, S., Anderson, S. G., & Zhan, M. (2011). The differentiated impact of bridging and bonding social capital on economic well-being: An individual level perspective. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 38(1), 119–142. https://doi.org/10.15453/0191-5096.3587
Published
2026-02-05
How to Cite
Segati, A., Irwan Padli Nasution, M., & Habibi Siregar, M. (2026). Impact of Multidimensional Social Ties on Economic Well-Being Among MSMEs: The Moderating Role of Social Environment in the Digital Era. Sharia Economic and Management Business Journal (SEMBJ), 7(1), 358-367. https://doi.org/10.62159/sembj.v7i1.2480
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Copyright (c) 2026 Ahda Segati, Muhammad Irwan Padli Nasution, Muhammad Habibi Siregar
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Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Manajemen Syariah (SEMB-J), Yayasan Darussalam Bengkulu is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Based on a work at https://siducat.org/index.php/sembj/.
