Towards a Bankable Biomass Energy System: A Systematic Review of Business Models and Optimization of the Palm Oil Waste Value Chain
Abstract
Background: Transformasi sistem energi global menuju netralitas karbon memerlukan mobilisasi investasi masif dalam energi terbarukan, termasuk bioenergi dari limbah biomassa kelapa sawit yang memiliki potensi sangat besar namun belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. terhadap literatur tentang teknologi konversi biomassa kelapa sawit, model bisnis, optimasi rantai nilai, dan penilaian bankability untuk mengidentifikasi kesenjangan pengetahuan dan mengembangkan framework konseptual terintegrasi
Method: Penelitian ini melakukan tinjauan sistematis dengan menggunakan pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan protokol PRISMA dan kerangka SALSA.
Results: penelitian ini menganalisis 42 artikel jurnal internasional open access yang dipublikasikan antara 2018–2025 dari database DOAJ, MDPI, Frontiers, SpringerOpen, dan Wiley Open access. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa literatur yang ada didominasi oleh studi teknis konversi biomassa dengan fokus terbatas pada aspek model bisnis dan bankability. Analisis tekno ekonomi menunjukkan variasi kinerja finansial yang sangat luas, dengan IRR berkisar 6,75%–22%, NPV dari negatif hingga positif signifikan, dan payback period 2,9–10,8 tahun. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi kesenjangan kritis dalam integrasi antara optimasi teknis, model bisnis, dan penilaian bankability, serta mengusulkan framework konseptual terintegrasi yang menghubungkan ketiga dimensi tersebut untuk mendukung pengembangan sistem energi biomassa yang viable secara ekonomi dan menarik bagi investor.
Conclusion: The results show a dominance of technical studies, while business and bankability aspects are still limited. Project financial performance varies (IRR 6.75%–22%) with high levels. Integration between technical, economic, and financial aspects was found. This study proposes an integrated conceptual framework linking value chain optimization, business models, and bankability assessment to improve investment feasibility and encourage the development of sustainable and attractive biomass energy systems for investors.
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