Digital Literacy Integration in Biology Education: A Systematic Literature Review on Effectiveness and Implementation Challenges
Keywords:
Biology learning, Digital literacy, Higher-order thinking skills (HOTS), Systematic review, Technology integration
Abstract
This study examines the integration of digital literacy in biology learning through a systematic analysis of research articles published between 2019 and 2024. The aim of this review is to identify its effectiveness, explore the associated challenges, and formulate implementation patterns of digital literacy in enhancing the quality of biology education. The findings indicate that digital literacy contributes positively to improving students’ cognitive learning outcomes and higher-order thinking skills. The ability to access, manage, and evaluate digital information has been shown to support a deeper understanding of complex biological concepts. In addition, the integration of digital literacy through innovative learning models such as STEM, HOTS-oriented instruction, and problem-based learning enhances student engagement and active participation in the learning process. However, the implementation of digital literacy continues to face several challenges, including limited infrastructure, disparities in digital competencies among students, and variations in teachers’ ability to integrate technology effectively. These findings highlight that the effectiveness of digital literacy is strongly dependent on the quality of instructional design and the readiness of the educational ecosystem. Therefore, a more integrated and sustainable approach is required to optimize the role of digital literacy in biology learning, ensuring that it remains adaptive and relevant to the demands of 21st-century education.
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References
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Bond, M., Bedenlier, S., Marín, V. I., & Händel, M. (2021). Emergency remote teaching in higher education: mapping the first global online semester. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(1), 50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00282-x
Booth, A., Martyn-St James, M., Clowes, M., & Sutton, A. (2021). Systematic approaches to a successful literature review.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). Thematic analysis: A practical guide.
Brereton, P., Kitchenham, B. A., Budgen, D., Turner, M., & Khalil, M. (2007). Lessons from applying the systematic literature review process within the software engineering domain. Journal of Systems and Software, 80(4), 571–583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2006.07.009
Cenita, J. A. S., & De Guzman, Z. R. (2023). Education in the digital world: From the lens of millennial learners. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:2304.13930.
Enjelly, Fadilah, M. (2024). Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Sains Peserta Didik pada Pembelajaran Biologi: Literature Review. Jurnal Bioshell, 13(1), 89–98.
Ertmer, P. A., & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. T. (2010). Teacher Technology Change. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 42(3), 255–284. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2010.10782551
Eshet, Y. (2012). Thinking in the digital era: A revised model for digital literacy. Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, 9(2), 267–276.
Farid, A. M. M., Zubaidah, S., & Munzil, M. (2024). Profile analysis of digital literacy skills of biology education students. Edubiotik: Jurnal Pendidikan, Biologi Dan Terapan, 9(02), 71–80. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33503/ebio.v9i02.1
Gusenbauer, M., & Haddaway, N. R. (2020). Which academic search systems are suitable for systematic reviews or meta‐analyses? Evaluating retrieval qualities of Google Scholar, PubMed, and 26 other resources. Research Synthesis Methods, 11(2), 181–217. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1378
Hafiza, N., Rahayu, H. M., & Kahar, A. P. (2022). The relationship between digital literacy and learning outcomes in biology learning for students. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 8(1), 171–176. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8i1.1067
Hehakaya, W., Matdoan, M. N., & Rumahlatu, D. (2022). Integrating STEAM with PjBL and PBL on biology education: Improving students’ cognitive learning results, creative thinking, and digital literacy. Biosfer: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 15(1), 76–84. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21009/biosferjpb.24468
Hohlfeld, T. N., Ritzhaupt, A. D., Dawson, K., & Wilson, M. L. (2017). An examination of seven years of technology integration in Florida schools: Through the lens of the Levels of Digital Divide in Schools. Computers & Education, 113, 135–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.05.017
Ibrahim, N. M., Sanjaya, Y., & Nurjhani, M. (2024). Effectiveness of Biology Learning to Improve Digital Literacy and Higher Order Thinking Skills on the Concept of Digestive System. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(9), 7131–7137. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i9.5018
Ifadah, E., & Prastiwi, M. S. (2021). Keefektifan Pembelajaran Daring pada Materi Biologi dalam Meningkatkan Literasi Digital Siswa. Berkala Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi (BioEdu), 11(1), 228–239. https://doi.org/10.26740/bioedu.v11n1.p228-239
Kinayoh, N. B., & Ambarwati, R. (2023). The development of flipbook based on digital literacy on animalia-vertebrates of high school student grade 10th. Berkala Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi (BioEdu), 12(2), 496–505. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26740/bioedu.v12n2.p496-505
Kirkwood, A., & Price, L. (2014). Technology-enhanced learning and teaching in higher education: what is ‘enhanced’ and how do we know? A critical literature review. Learning, Media and Technology, 39(1), 6–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2013.770404
List, A., & Alexander, P. A. (2019). Toward an Integrated Framework of Multiple Text Use. Educational Psychologist, 54(1), 20–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2018.1505514
Makhdum, M. (2022). Literasi Sains dan Digital dalam Pembelajaran IPA Melalui Window Shopping Berbantuan Flyer Maker. Jurnal Didaktika Pendidikan Dasar, 6(3), 963–976. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26811/didaktika.v6i3.718
Muyasaroh, U., Listyono, L., & Rofi’ah, N. L. (2021). Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Digital Pembelajaran Biologi di MAN Grobogan Masa Pandemi Covid 19. Bioma: Jurnal Biologi Dan Pembelajaran Biologi, 6(2), 102–111.
Ng, W. (2012). Can we teach digital natives digital literacy? Computers & Education, 59(3), 1065–1078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.04.016
Nietbaeva, F. (2023). DIGITAL LITERACY IN BIOLOGY EDUCATION THROUGH MOBILE LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES. Eurasian Science Review An International Peer-Reviewed Multidisciplinary Journal, 1(4). https://doi.org/10.63034/esr-14
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Patigu, Y. P. W., Rahmah, N., & Zulnuraini, Z. (2024). Literasi Sains dan Digital dalam Pembelajaran IPA. Journal of Education Research, 5(3), 3103–3110. https://doi.org/10.37985/jer.v5i3.1404
Paul, J., & Criado, A. R. (2020). The art of writing literature review: What do we know and what do we need to know? International Business Review, 29(4), 101717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2020.101717
Pettersson, F. (2018). On the issues of digital competence in educational contexts – a review of literature. Education and Information Technologies, 23(3), 1005–1021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-017-9649-3
Popay, J., Roberts, H., Sowden, A., Petticrew, M., Arai, L., Rodgers, M., Britten, N., Roen, K., & Duffy, S. (2006). Guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews. A Product from the ESRC Methods Programme Version, 1(1), b92.
Rahayu, S., Isnaeni, W., & Masturi, M. (2022). Critical thinking skills and digital literacy of high school students in science learning using e-learning with STEM vision. Journal of Innovative Science Education, 11(3), 347–361. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/jise.v11i1.57281
Rezeqi, S., Ritonga, E. S., & Khairani, S. L. (2024). Analysis of students’ digital literacy ability in the Spermatophyta course. BIO-INOVED: Jurnal Biologi-Inovasi Pendidikan, 6(1), 1–12.
Sangur, K., & Rumahlatu, D. (2023). PjBL-HOTS: Integration of learning in improving critical thinking and digital literacy of biology education students. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2642(1), 90005. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0110304
Schindler, L. A., Burkholder, G. J., Morad, O. A., & Marsh, C. (2017). Computer-based technology and student engagement: a critical review of the literature. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 14(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0063-0
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
Sukma, R. I., Purwianingsih, W., & Amprasto, A. (2024). An analysis of digital literacy skills of high school students in biology. Jurnal Biolokus: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Biologi Dan Biologi, 6(2), 136–143. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/biolokus.v6i2.2420
Tamim, R. M., Bernard, R. M., Borokhovski, E., Abrami, P. C., & Schmid, R. F. (2011). What Forty Years of Research Says About the Impact of Technology on Learning. Review of Educational Research, 81(1), 4–28. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654310393361
Utami, P. T., & Ducha, N. (2020). The validity and legibility of digital literacy-based reproductive system flipbook to improve the critical thinking skills of grade 11th high school students. Berkala Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi (BioEdu), 9(3), 451–457. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26740/bioedu.v9n3.p451-457
van Deursen, A. J., & van Dijk, J. A. (2014). The digital divide shifts to differences in usage. New Media & Society, 16(3), 507–526. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813487959
Van Dijk, J. (2020). The digital divide. John Wiley & Sons.
van Laar, E., van Deursen, A. J. A. M., van Dijk, J. A. G. M., & de Haan, J. (2019). Determinants of 21st-century digital skills: A large-scale survey among working professionals. Computers in Human Behavior, 100, 93–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.06.017
Wineburg, S., & McGrew, S. (2019). Lateral Reading and the Nature of Expertise: Reading Less and Learning More When Evaluating Digital Information. Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education, 121(11), 1–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146811912101102
Yani, I. P., Ahzari, S., & Novitra, F. (2026). Technology Integration in the Project Based Learning Model: Bibliometric Analysis 2015-2024. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:2601.09149. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.09149
Yeyendra, Y., Hajar, I., Darmanto, D., & Junaidi, E. (2024). Profil keterampilan literasi digital siswa SMA di era teknologi digital. Biology and Education Journal, 4(2), 111–119. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25299/baej.2024.19988
Yusuf, A. M., Hidayatullah, S., & Tauhidah, D. (2022). The relationship between digital and scientific literacy with biology cognitive learning outcomes of high school students. Assimilation: Indonesian Journal of Biology Education, 5(1), 9–18.
Zhang, D., Zhao, J. L., Zhou, L., & Nunamaker Jr, J. F. (2004). Can e-learning replace classroom learning? Communications of the ACM, 47(5), 75–79.
Ananda, O. T., Mahanal, S., & Susanto, H. (2023). Literasi Digital Siswa : Studi Deskriptif pada Pembelajaran Biologi di SMA. Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi, 11(2), 1100. https://doi.org/10.33394/bioscientist.v11i2.8815
Asmadi, A. (2023). HUBUNGAN TINGKAT LITERASI DIGITAL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF SISWA KELAS XI DI SMA NEGERI 1 SENDANA. UNIVERSITAS SULAWESI BARAT.
Azzahro, F. Z., Norra, B. I., & Achmad, C. A. (2023). The relationship of digital literacy ability with students’ cognitive learning outcomes. Jurnal BIOEDUIN: Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi, 13(1), 28–35.
Bond, M., Bedenlier, S., Marín, V. I., & Händel, M. (2021). Emergency remote teaching in higher education: mapping the first global online semester. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(1), 50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00282-x
Booth, A., Martyn-St James, M., Clowes, M., & Sutton, A. (2021). Systematic approaches to a successful literature review.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). Thematic analysis: A practical guide.
Brereton, P., Kitchenham, B. A., Budgen, D., Turner, M., & Khalil, M. (2007). Lessons from applying the systematic literature review process within the software engineering domain. Journal of Systems and Software, 80(4), 571–583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2006.07.009
Cenita, J. A. S., & De Guzman, Z. R. (2023). Education in the digital world: From the lens of millennial learners. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:2304.13930.
Enjelly, Fadilah, M. (2024). Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Sains Peserta Didik pada Pembelajaran Biologi: Literature Review. Jurnal Bioshell, 13(1), 89–98.
Ertmer, P. A., & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. T. (2010). Teacher Technology Change. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 42(3), 255–284. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2010.10782551
Eshet, Y. (2012). Thinking in the digital era: A revised model for digital literacy. Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, 9(2), 267–276.
Farid, A. M. M., Zubaidah, S., & Munzil, M. (2024). Profile analysis of digital literacy skills of biology education students. Edubiotik: Jurnal Pendidikan, Biologi Dan Terapan, 9(02), 71–80. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33503/ebio.v9i02.1
Gusenbauer, M., & Haddaway, N. R. (2020). Which academic search systems are suitable for systematic reviews or meta‐analyses? Evaluating retrieval qualities of Google Scholar, PubMed, and 26 other resources. Research Synthesis Methods, 11(2), 181–217. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1378
Hafiza, N., Rahayu, H. M., & Kahar, A. P. (2022). The relationship between digital literacy and learning outcomes in biology learning for students. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 8(1), 171–176. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8i1.1067
Hehakaya, W., Matdoan, M. N., & Rumahlatu, D. (2022). Integrating STEAM with PjBL and PBL on biology education: Improving students’ cognitive learning results, creative thinking, and digital literacy. Biosfer: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 15(1), 76–84. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21009/biosferjpb.24468
Hohlfeld, T. N., Ritzhaupt, A. D., Dawson, K., & Wilson, M. L. (2017). An examination of seven years of technology integration in Florida schools: Through the lens of the Levels of Digital Divide in Schools. Computers & Education, 113, 135–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.05.017
Ibrahim, N. M., Sanjaya, Y., & Nurjhani, M. (2024). Effectiveness of Biology Learning to Improve Digital Literacy and Higher Order Thinking Skills on the Concept of Digestive System. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(9), 7131–7137. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i9.5018
Ifadah, E., & Prastiwi, M. S. (2021). Keefektifan Pembelajaran Daring pada Materi Biologi dalam Meningkatkan Literasi Digital Siswa. Berkala Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi (BioEdu), 11(1), 228–239. https://doi.org/10.26740/bioedu.v11n1.p228-239
Kinayoh, N. B., & Ambarwati, R. (2023). The development of flipbook based on digital literacy on animalia-vertebrates of high school student grade 10th. Berkala Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi (BioEdu), 12(2), 496–505. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26740/bioedu.v12n2.p496-505
Kirkwood, A., & Price, L. (2014). Technology-enhanced learning and teaching in higher education: what is ‘enhanced’ and how do we know? A critical literature review. Learning, Media and Technology, 39(1), 6–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2013.770404
List, A., & Alexander, P. A. (2019). Toward an Integrated Framework of Multiple Text Use. Educational Psychologist, 54(1), 20–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2018.1505514
Makhdum, M. (2022). Literasi Sains dan Digital dalam Pembelajaran IPA Melalui Window Shopping Berbantuan Flyer Maker. Jurnal Didaktika Pendidikan Dasar, 6(3), 963–976. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26811/didaktika.v6i3.718
Muyasaroh, U., Listyono, L., & Rofi’ah, N. L. (2021). Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Digital Pembelajaran Biologi di MAN Grobogan Masa Pandemi Covid 19. Bioma: Jurnal Biologi Dan Pembelajaran Biologi, 6(2), 102–111.
Ng, W. (2012). Can we teach digital natives digital literacy? Computers & Education, 59(3), 1065–1078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.04.016
Nietbaeva, F. (2023). DIGITAL LITERACY IN BIOLOGY EDUCATION THROUGH MOBILE LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES. Eurasian Science Review An International Peer-Reviewed Multidisciplinary Journal, 1(4). https://doi.org/10.63034/esr-14
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Patigu, Y. P. W., Rahmah, N., & Zulnuraini, Z. (2024). Literasi Sains dan Digital dalam Pembelajaran IPA. Journal of Education Research, 5(3), 3103–3110. https://doi.org/10.37985/jer.v5i3.1404
Paul, J., & Criado, A. R. (2020). The art of writing literature review: What do we know and what do we need to know? International Business Review, 29(4), 101717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2020.101717
Pettersson, F. (2018). On the issues of digital competence in educational contexts – a review of literature. Education and Information Technologies, 23(3), 1005–1021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-017-9649-3
Popay, J., Roberts, H., Sowden, A., Petticrew, M., Arai, L., Rodgers, M., Britten, N., Roen, K., & Duffy, S. (2006). Guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews. A Product from the ESRC Methods Programme Version, 1(1), b92.
Rahayu, S., Isnaeni, W., & Masturi, M. (2022). Critical thinking skills and digital literacy of high school students in science learning using e-learning with STEM vision. Journal of Innovative Science Education, 11(3), 347–361. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/jise.v11i1.57281
Rezeqi, S., Ritonga, E. S., & Khairani, S. L. (2024). Analysis of students’ digital literacy ability in the Spermatophyta course. BIO-INOVED: Jurnal Biologi-Inovasi Pendidikan, 6(1), 1–12.
Sangur, K., & Rumahlatu, D. (2023). PjBL-HOTS: Integration of learning in improving critical thinking and digital literacy of biology education students. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2642(1), 90005. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0110304
Schindler, L. A., Burkholder, G. J., Morad, O. A., & Marsh, C. (2017). Computer-based technology and student engagement: a critical review of the literature. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 14(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0063-0
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
Sukma, R. I., Purwianingsih, W., & Amprasto, A. (2024). An analysis of digital literacy skills of high school students in biology. Jurnal Biolokus: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Biologi Dan Biologi, 6(2), 136–143. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/biolokus.v6i2.2420
Tamim, R. M., Bernard, R. M., Borokhovski, E., Abrami, P. C., & Schmid, R. F. (2011). What Forty Years of Research Says About the Impact of Technology on Learning. Review of Educational Research, 81(1), 4–28. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654310393361
Utami, P. T., & Ducha, N. (2020). The validity and legibility of digital literacy-based reproductive system flipbook to improve the critical thinking skills of grade 11th high school students. Berkala Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi (BioEdu), 9(3), 451–457. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26740/bioedu.v9n3.p451-457
van Deursen, A. J., & van Dijk, J. A. (2014). The digital divide shifts to differences in usage. New Media & Society, 16(3), 507–526. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813487959
Van Dijk, J. (2020). The digital divide. John Wiley & Sons.
van Laar, E., van Deursen, A. J. A. M., van Dijk, J. A. G. M., & de Haan, J. (2019). Determinants of 21st-century digital skills: A large-scale survey among working professionals. Computers in Human Behavior, 100, 93–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.06.017
Wineburg, S., & McGrew, S. (2019). Lateral Reading and the Nature of Expertise: Reading Less and Learning More When Evaluating Digital Information. Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education, 121(11), 1–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146811912101102
Yani, I. P., Ahzari, S., & Novitra, F. (2026). Technology Integration in the Project Based Learning Model: Bibliometric Analysis 2015-2024. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:2601.09149. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.09149
Yeyendra, Y., Hajar, I., Darmanto, D., & Junaidi, E. (2024). Profil keterampilan literasi digital siswa SMA di era teknologi digital. Biology and Education Journal, 4(2), 111–119. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25299/baej.2024.19988
Yusuf, A. M., Hidayatullah, S., & Tauhidah, D. (2022). The relationship between digital and scientific literacy with biology cognitive learning outcomes of high school students. Assimilation: Indonesian Journal of Biology Education, 5(1), 9–18.
Zhang, D., Zhao, J. L., Zhou, L., & Nunamaker Jr, J. F. (2004). Can e-learning replace classroom learning? Communications of the ACM, 47(5), 75–79.
Published
2026-04-28
How to Cite
Wijaya, E., Shahroni, A., Ariyanti, T. S., & Nabilla, D. (2026). Digital Literacy Integration in Biology Education: A Systematic Literature Review on Effectiveness and Implementation Challenges. ISEJ : Indonesian Science Education Journal, 6(2), 17-29. https://doi.org/10.62159/isej.v6i2.2071
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