Development of Physics E-LKPD Using Augmented Reality (AR) Based LOK-R Model on Students' Critical Thinking Skills
Keywords:
Augmented Reality (AR), Critical Thinking, E-LKPD, LOK-R Model, Thermodynamics
Abstract
This study was conducted to develop an Electronic Student Worksheet (E-LKPD) based on Augmented Reality (AR) with the LOK-R (Literacy, Orientation, Collaboration, Reflection) model for Physics on thermodynamics material for grade XI students and to test its effectiveness in improving students' critical thinking skills. The research method used was Research and Development (R&D) with the 4D development model, but limited to the development stage (3D). Data collection methods involved non-test instruments (observation sheets and questionnaires) and a 10-item essay test. The results of the study indicate that: (1) The AR-based Physics E-LKPD with the LOK-R model is highly suitable for use in thermodynamics learning for high school students with a "Very Good" category based on expert validation; (2) The developed E-LKPD can improve students' critical thinking skills (N-gain = 0.73) with a "High" category; and (3) This E-LKPD is effective for learning thermodynamics topics regarding students' critical thinking skills.
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References
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Khasanah, AM, & Sholihah, M. (2024). Science Literacy: The LOK-R Learning Model for Students in Elementary Madrasahs. Mitra PGMI: MI Education Journal , 10 (2), 243–257. https://doi.org/10.46963/mpgmi.v10i2.2104
Latifah, S., Wiliyanti, V., & Sari, IP (2024). DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF E-LKPD USING THE LOK-R MODEL FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE MATERIAL IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL. INSECTA: Integrative Science Education and Teaching Activity Journal , 5 (2), 234–248. https://doi.org/10.21154/insecta.v5i2.9866
Latifah, S., Yuberti, Y., & Agestiana, V. (2020). Development of HOTS-Based Interactive Learning Media Using the Lectora Inspire Application. Journal of Physics Learning Research , 11 (1), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.26877/jp2f.v11i1.3851
Luturmas, Y., Diana, E., Abdusshomad, A., & Satria Wiranata, Rz. R. (2022). IMPLEMENTATION OF CURRICULUM STRUCTURE BASED ON MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, CULTURE, DIRECTORATE, AND TECHNOLOGY REGULATION NO. 371/M/2021 AND PP NO. 57 OF 2021 IN THE LEARNING IMPLEMENTATION PLAN (RPP) FOR THE 2022/2023 ACADEMIC YEAR IN MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH. Jurnal Multidisiperi Bharasa , 1 (2), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.56691/jurnalmultidisiperbharasa.v1i2.243
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Ranti, S., & Usmeldi. (2019). Development of integrated science student's worksheet (LKPD) based on research-based learning integrated with religious values. Journal of Physics: Conference Series , 1185 (1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1185/1/012143
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Sundari, PD, & Sarkity, D. (2021). High School Students' Critical Thinking Skills on Temperature and Heat in Physics Learning. Journal of Natural Science and Integration , 4 (2), 149. https://doi.org/10.24014/jnsi.v4i2.11445
Triwahyudianto, T., Isnani, DR, & Kumala, FN (2024). PBL-based liveworksheet e-LKPD to improve critical thinking ability in 4th-grade primary school science learning. Journal of Elementary Education , 8 (1), 96–104. https://doi.org/10.21067/jbpd.v8i1.10371
Tur Rosidah, C., Sulistyawati, I., Achmad Fanani, A., & Pramulia, P. (2021). STUDENT WORKSHEETS (LKPD) FOR ICT-BASED THEMATIC LEARNING: PPM FOR TEACHERS OF HANG TUAH X SEDATI ELEMENTARY SCHOOL. BERNAS: Journal of Community Service , 2 (3), 660–666. https://doi.org/10.31949/jb.v2i3.1319
Villegas, OOV, & Sanchez Vianey Guadalupe Cruz. (2024). Augmented Reality Fundamentals and Applications . Newgen Publishing UK.
Volioti, C., Keramopoulos, E., Sapounidis, T., Melisidis, K., Zafeiropoulou, M., Sotiriou, C., & Spiridis, V. (2022). Using Augmented Reality in K-12 Education: An Indicative Platform for Teaching Physics. Information (Switzerland) , 13 (7). https://doi.org/10.3390/info13070336
Yuberti, & Saregar, A. (2020). Introduction to Research Methodology . Aura Editorial.
Yun, ST, Olsen, SK, Quigley, KC, Cannady, MA, & Hartry, A. (2023). A Review of Augmented Reality for Informal Science Learning: Supporting Design of Intergenerational Group Learning. Visitor Studies , 26 (1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/10645578.2022.2075205
Yusa, IW, Wulandari, AYR, Tamam, B., Rosidi, I., Yasir, M., & Setiawan, AYB (2023). Development of Augmented Reality (AR) Learning Media to Increase Student Motivation and Learning Outcomes in Science. Journal of Science Education Innovation , 9 (2), 127–145. https://doi.org/10.21831/jipi.v9i2.52208
Adip, W. (20224). The Importance of Developing Teaching Materials in Civics Learning. JESS: Journal of Education Social Science , 2 (1), 51–61.
Ahmad, H., Syamsuddin, Febryanti, & Latif, A. (2021). Development of student worksheets assisted by GeoGebra application in improving higher-order thinking abilities in mathematics learning. Journal of Physics: Conference Series , 1882 (1), 012048. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1882/1/012048
Al-Ansi, A.M., Jaboob, M., Garad, A., & Al-Ansi, A. (2023). Analyzing augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) recent developments in education. Social Sciences & Humanities Open , 8 (1), 100532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100532
Anggraini Hanifah Lubis. (2024). SOCIAL SCIENCES LEARNING PLANNING TO IMPROVE EDUCATION QUALITY. PENDIS (Journal of Social Science Education) , 3 (2), 17–32. https://doi.org/10.61721/pendis.v3i2.389
Anjariamsa, D., & Sugianto, S. (2024). Critical Thinking Skills of High School Students in the Application of the Numbered Heads Together Cooperative Learning Model on Optical Instrument Material. Unnes Physics Education Journal , 13 (1), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.15294/upej.v13i1.8633
Ansori, A., Mustika, RI, Nugraha, V., Nurfurqon, FF, Permana, A., Utami, RB, Prabawati, MN, Nurhayati, E., & Setyawan, FH (2024). Grounding Basic Literacy in Learning . Bayfa Cendekia Indonesia. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=yI8jEQAAQBAJ
Ardiyanti, F., & Nuroso, H. (2021). ANALYSIS OF THE LEVEL OF CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS OF GRADE XI MIPA STUDENTS IN PHYSICS LEARNING. Karst: JOURNAL OF PHYSICS EDUCATION AND ITS APPLICATIONS , 4 (1), 21–26. https://doi.org/10.46918/karst.v4i1.945
Asfa, A., & Herudin. (2023). THE EFFECT OF PHENOMENA-BASED LEARNING MODEL ON CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS OF STUDENTS OF STATE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1 PARIGI TENGAH The Influence Of Phenomena Based Learning Model On Critical Thinking Skills Of SMA Negeri 1 Parigi Tengah Students. Tadulako Online Physics Education Journal , 12 (1), 85–100.
Cahyadi, RAH (2019). Development of Teaching Materials Based on the Addie Model. Halaqa: Islamic Education Journal , 3 (1), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.21070/halaqa.v3i1.2124
Fiteriani, I., Diani, R., Hamidah, A., & Anwar, C. (2021). Project-based learning through STEM approach: Is it effective to improve students' creative problem-solving abilities and metacognitive skills in physics learning? Journal of Physics: Conference Series , 1796 (1), 012058. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1796/1/012058
Fitri, U., Amini, R., Zulkarnaini, AP, & Media, A. (2025). THE USE OF AUGMENTED REALITY IN SCIENCE LEARNING TO IMPROVE MOTIVATION AND UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE CONCEPTS AMONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS. SCIENCE: Journal of Mathematics and Science Education Innovation , 5 (1), 417–424. https://doi.org/10.51878/science.v5i1.4732
Garzón, J., & Acevedo, J. (2019). Meta-analysis of the impact of Augmented Reality on students' learning gains. Educational Research Review , 27 , 244–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2019.04.001
Hidayat, W., & Aripin, U. (2023). HOW TO DEVELOP AN E-LKPD WITH A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TO ACHIEVING STUDENTS' MATHEMATICAL COMMUNICATION ABILITIES? Infinity Journal , 12 (1), 85–100. https://doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v12i1.p85-100
Ibáñez, M.-B., & Delgado-Kloos, C. (2018). Augmented reality for STEM learning: A systematic review. Computers & Education , 123 , 109–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.05.002
Javaheri, H., Lauer, F., Lauer, L., Altmeyer, K., Brünken, R., Peschel, M., Wehn, N., & Lukowicz, P. (2022). Smart Teaching Materials with Real-Time Augmented Reality Support for Introductory Physics Education. Proceedings of the 2022 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing , 53–54. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544793.3560322
Kadek Aprilia Sri Wulandari, & Putu Ari Dharmayanti. (2024). E-LKPD Based on the OPPEMEI Model to Improve Science Learning Outcomes for Grade IV. Journal of Education Action Research , 8 (2), 198–208. https://doi.org/10.23887/jear.v8i2.77704
Khasanah, AM, & Sholihah, M. (2024). Science Literacy: The LOK-R Learning Model for Students in Elementary Madrasahs. Mitra PGMI: MI Education Journal , 10 (2), 243–257. https://doi.org/10.46963/mpgmi.v10i2.2104
Latifah, S., Wiliyanti, V., & Sari, IP (2024). DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF E-LKPD USING THE LOK-R MODEL FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE MATERIAL IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL. INSECTA: Integrative Science Education and Teaching Activity Journal , 5 (2), 234–248. https://doi.org/10.21154/insecta.v5i2.9866
Latifah, S., Yuberti, Y., & Agestiana, V. (2020). Development of HOTS-Based Interactive Learning Media Using the Lectora Inspire Application. Journal of Physics Learning Research , 11 (1), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.26877/jp2f.v11i1.3851
Luturmas, Y., Diana, E., Abdusshomad, A., & Satria Wiranata, Rz. R. (2022). IMPLEMENTATION OF CURRICULUM STRUCTURE BASED ON MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, CULTURE, DIRECTORATE, AND TECHNOLOGY REGULATION NO. 371/M/2021 AND PP NO. 57 OF 2021 IN THE LEARNING IMPLEMENTATION PLAN (RPP) FOR THE 2022/2023 ACADEMIC YEAR IN MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH. Jurnal Multidisiperi Bharasa , 1 (2), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.56691/jurnalmultidisiperbharasa.v1i2.243
Mardiyanti, NEA, & Jatmiko, B. (2022). The Effectiveness of Physics Learning with a Guided Inquiry Model Assisted by PhET Interactive Simulations to Improve High School Students' Critical Thinking Skills. Scientific Journal of Physics Education , 6 (2), 328. https://doi.org/10.20527/jipf.v6i2.5281
Nirmala, P., Suhardi, I., Kaswar, AB, Surianto, DF, B, MF, Soeharto, S., & Lavicza, Z. (2025). Enhancing Computational Thinking Skills through Digital Literacy and Blended Learning: The Mediating Role of Learning Motivation. Online Learning In Educational Research (OLER) , 5 (1), 9–24. https://doi.org/10.58524/oler.v5i1.504
Nurdin, I., & Hartati, S. (2019). Social Research Methodology . Media Sahabat Cendekia.
OECD. (2019). An OECD Learning Framework 2030 (pp. 23–35). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26068-2_3
Radu, I., Huang, X., Kestin, G., & Schneider, B. (2023). How augmented reality influences student learning and inquiry styles: A study of 1-1 physics remote AR tutoring. Computers & Education: X Reality , 2 , 100011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cexr.2023.100011
Ranti, S., & Usmeldi. (2019). Development of integrated science student's worksheet (LKPD) based on research-based learning integrated with religious values. Journal of Physics: Conference Series , 1185 (1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1185/1/012143
Sani, R., & Sani, RA (2014). Scientific Learning for the Implementation of the 2013 Curriculum .
Sanjaya. (2023). Learning Strategy Oriented to Educational Process Standards. Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Books/NBK558907/ , 197.
Setiani, R., Kafii, MS, & Dwikoranto. (2024). Validity Development of Critical Thinking Skill Test Instruments on Running and Stationary Wave Materials. Physics Education Innovation , 12 (3), 111–118.
Sundari, PD, & Sarkity, D. (2021). High School Students' Critical Thinking Skills on Temperature and Heat in Physics Learning. Journal of Natural Science and Integration , 4 (2), 149. https://doi.org/10.24014/jnsi.v4i2.11445
Triwahyudianto, T., Isnani, DR, & Kumala, FN (2024). PBL-based liveworksheet e-LKPD to improve critical thinking ability in 4th-grade primary school science learning. Journal of Elementary Education , 8 (1), 96–104. https://doi.org/10.21067/jbpd.v8i1.10371
Tur Rosidah, C., Sulistyawati, I., Achmad Fanani, A., & Pramulia, P. (2021). STUDENT WORKSHEETS (LKPD) FOR ICT-BASED THEMATIC LEARNING: PPM FOR TEACHERS OF HANG TUAH X SEDATI ELEMENTARY SCHOOL. BERNAS: Journal of Community Service , 2 (3), 660–666. https://doi.org/10.31949/jb.v2i3.1319
Villegas, OOV, & Sanchez Vianey Guadalupe Cruz. (2024). Augmented Reality Fundamentals and Applications . Newgen Publishing UK.
Volioti, C., Keramopoulos, E., Sapounidis, T., Melisidis, K., Zafeiropoulou, M., Sotiriou, C., & Spiridis, V. (2022). Using Augmented Reality in K-12 Education: An Indicative Platform for Teaching Physics. Information (Switzerland) , 13 (7). https://doi.org/10.3390/info13070336
Yuberti, & Saregar, A. (2020). Introduction to Research Methodology . Aura Editorial.
Yun, ST, Olsen, SK, Quigley, KC, Cannady, MA, & Hartry, A. (2023). A Review of Augmented Reality for Informal Science Learning: Supporting Design of Intergenerational Group Learning. Visitor Studies , 26 (1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/10645578.2022.2075205
Yusa, IW, Wulandari, AYR, Tamam, B., Rosidi, I., Yasir, M., & Setiawan, AYB (2023). Development of Augmented Reality (AR) Learning Media to Increase Student Motivation and Learning Outcomes in Science. Journal of Science Education Innovation , 9 (2), 127–145. https://doi.org/10.21831/jipi.v9i2.52208
Published
2025-12-31
How to Cite
Dwi MarethaR., Irwandani, & Wiliyanti , V. (2025). Development of Physics E-LKPD Using Augmented Reality (AR) Based LOK-R Model on Students’ Critical Thinking Skills. ISEJ : Indonesian Science Education Journal, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.62159/isej.v6i3.1820
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Copyright (c) 2025 Rizka Dwi Maretha, Irwandani, Vandan Wiliyanti
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